Places to visit in Samarkand
Planning a perfect vacation can be an exciting and rewarding experience. In this guide, you will find a Samarkand guide that meets all the must-see attractions that this city has to offer (updated to 2023).
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Samarkand is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia, with a history that dates back over 2,500 years. It was a central hub on the Silk Road, connecting China to the Mediterranean, and played a significant role in the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas between the East and West. Samarkand I believe really lives up to its reputation. It’s the most popular city in Uzbekistan, and it makes sense as it offers a wide range of things to see. It should take two days to visit the city.
Practical Information:
Location: Samarkand is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia, known for its rich history and cultural heritage, located in Uzbekistan. It is located in the Zeravshan River valley, which has historically been a significant crossroads of various cultures and civilizations due to its strategic position on the Silk Road.
Transportation & Exploration: the most common way to explore Samarkand is on foot, as the city is relatively compact and many of its main attractions are within walking distance of each other. For longer distances or convenience, taxis are readily available and affordable. Samarkand is also well-connected to other major cities in Uzbekistan by train, making it an accessible destination for travelers coming from Tashkent, Bukhara, or other regions. The trains are comfortable and efficient, providing a scenic and pleasant journey through the Uzbek countryside.
Weather: Uzbekistan has a continental climate characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and mild, pleasant springs and autumns. Here’s a detailed overview of the weather:
Summer (June to August): summers in Uzbekistan are hot and dry, especially in the desert regions. Temperatures can soar above 40°C (104°F), particularly in July and August. If visiting during summer, plan your activities for the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the intense midday heat.
Autumn (September to November): autumn is another excellent time to visit Uzbekistan. The weather is mild and comfortable, with temperatures gradually cooling down. The countryside is vibrant with autumn colors (temperature from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F)
Winter (December to February): winters can be quite cold, especially in the northern and mountainous regions, where temperatures can drop below freezing. Temperatures are from -5°C to 10°C (23°F to 50°F).
Spring (March to May): spring is one of the best times to visit Uzbekistan. The weather is mild and pleasant, with blooming flowers and green landscapes. Rainfall is moderate, but not too frequent. Temperatures are from 10°C to 25°C (50°F to 77°F).
Accommodation: Samarkand offers a variety of accommodations, I stayed at Hotel Mohina, a low-budget option.
Places to see in Samarkand:
Registan in Samarkand
Registan Square is one of the most iconic landmarks in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, and is often considered the heart of the ancient city. Its name, "Registan," translates to "sandy place" in Persian, referring to the original dusty plain where it was built. The square is surrounded by three grand madrasahs (Islamic schools) that showcase the finest examples of Islamic architecture and art. Registan Square served as a public square and a center for trade, gatherings, and royal proclamations. The current ensemble of buildings was constructed during the Timurid Empire, primarily in the 15th and 17th centuries.
This is a square that entails three Madrasahs in front of each other. The Madrasahs are:
Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417-1420)
Built by Ulugh Beg, Timur's grandson, who was a prominent ruler and astronomer. The madrasah features a grand entrance portal with intricate tile work and two towering minarets. Inside, there is a large courtyard surrounded by lecture halls and student cells. It was one of the finest universities of the medieval Islamic world, attracting scholars from across the region.
Sher-Dor Madrasah (1619-1636)
Built by the ruler Yalangtush Bakhodur. Known for its striking façade decorated with mosaics depicting roaring lions (despite Islamic prohibitions against depicting living creatures). The structure mirrors Ulugh Beg Madrasah but includes innovative design elements.
Tilya-Kori Madrasah (1646-1660)
Also commissioned by Yalangtush Bakhodur. This madrasah served both as an educational institution and a mosque. The name "Tilya-Kori" means "gilded," reflecting the extensive use of gold leaf in its decoration. The mosque’s prayer hall is particularly notable for its lavishly gilded dome and walls, creating a breathtaking visual effect.
You need a ticket to enter (50000 SUM) valid for hours. I highly recommend visiting it half an hour before sunset, as the colors are beautiful. In the one in the middle (location) I read that if you “bribe” the police they will allow you to go up in the tower (however we tried but he said no) so keep that in mind.
If you come at 8 PM there will be a concert with special lighting, I suggest stopping by as well to enjoy the place:
Bibi-Khanym Mosque
The Bibi-Khanym Mosque, located in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, is an architectural masterpiece with a rich history dating back to the 14th century.
The mosque's exterior is imposing, with a massive entrance portal adorned with intricate tile work, calligraphy, and geometric patterns. The portal is flanked by two tall minarets, each intricately decorated with bands of geometric and floral motifs. The façade of the mosque is adorned with ornate turquoise and blue mosaic tiles, creating a stunning visual spectacle. Inside the mosque, visitors are greeted by a vast prayer hall supported by towering columns and arches. The interior walls are adorned with colorful tiles and intricate patterns, while the ceilings are decorated with intricate plasterwork and geometric designs. The mihrab (prayer niche) and minbar (pulpit) are elaborately carved and decorated with Islamic calligraphy and geometric motifs, showcasing the craftsmanship of the artisans of that era. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque was commissioned by Timur, the famed Central Asian conqueror, in the late 14th century. Legend has it that Timur built the mosque in honor of his favorite wife, Saray Mulk Khanum (also known as Bibi-Khanym), whom he married in a campaign in India. The mosque was intended to be a grand symbol of Timur's power and wealth, showcasing the wealth and prestige of his empire.
Shah-i-Zinda
Shah-i-Zinda is a necropolis located in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, and is one of the most magnificent architectural ensembles in the Islamic world. The name "Shah-i-Zinda" translates to "Living King" in Persian and refers to the legend surrounding the site. According to tradition, Kusam ibn Abbas, a cousin of the Prophet Muhammad, came to Samarkand in the 7th century to spread Islam. He was martyred, but it is believed that he still lives and continues to pray in a nearby cave. Hence, the site became known as "Shah-i-Zinda" or "Tomb of the Living King." Shah-i-Zinda began as a simple burial ground, but over the centuries, it evolved into a complex of mausoleums and memorial buildings. Construction began in the 11th century and continued well into the 19th century, resulting in a stunning array of structures spanning different architectural styles and periods.
Shah-i-Zinda is home to over 20 mausoleums, each dedicated to a different individual or family. The mausoleums vary in size and design, ranging from simple structures to elaborate domed buildings. Many of them house the tombs of prominent figures, including royalty, statesmen, and religious leaders, making Shah-i-Zinda a revered pilgrimage site for Muslims.
Go'r Amir Maqbarasi
The Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum, also known as Guri Amir, is a historic monument located in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Gur-e-Amir was commissioned by Timur (Tamerlane), the famed Central Asian conqueror and the founder of the Timurid Empire. It was built in the 15th century as a burial place for Timur's favorite grandson, Muhammad Sultan, who died unexpectedly in battle. Over time, Gur-e-Amir became the final resting place not only for Muhammad Sultan but also for several other members of Timur's family, including Timur himself. The mausoleum thus serves as the burial site for Timur and serves as a testament to the legacy of the Timurid dynasty. The central chamber houses the sarcophagi of Timur, Muhammad Sultan, and other members of the Timurid dynasty. The tombs are made of marble and are intricately carved with floral designs and inscriptions in Arabic script. The sarcophagus of Timur is particularly ornate, featuring intricate carvings and inlays of precious stones.
Hebraic district
In Samarkand, there exists a historical Jewish district that bears witness to the vibrant coexistence of diverse ethnic and religious communities throughout the city's rich history. Jews played a significant role in Samarkand's social, economic, and cultural life, engaging in trade, crafts, and various societal endeavors. However, I discovered that this district has been somewhat obscured by urban rearrangements orchestrated by the government, possibly to deter tourists. Despite its less picturesque appearance compared to more tourist-centric areas, I believe this hidden gem offers a unique glimpse into the city's multifaceted identity. Accessible through a modest entrance, it beckons with tales of bygone eras and untold stories, inviting exploration beyond the beaten path. You can visit this synagogue called Gumbaz Synagogue.
Russian district
Samarkand, much like other cities in Central Asia, boasts a rich tapestry of cultural influences and diverse ethnic communities, among which Russian settlers played a notable role.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, under the umbrella of the Russian Empire, there was a significant migration of Russians to Central Asia, including Samarkand. Drawn primarily for administrative, military, and economic opportunities, these settlers left an indelible mark on the city's development, infrastructure, and cultural milieu.
Today, a notable area within Samarkand, often referred to as the Russian neighborhood, stands as a testament to this historical legacy. Here, residents provide a unique perspective on Uzbekistani life, offering an enriching contrast to more tourist-centric locales. This district, less frequented by tourists, offers an authentic glimpse into daily life in Samarkand, free from the hustle and bustle of popular visitor spots.
Local’s market
While I believe it's worth a visit, I found this market somewhat disappointing when I visited in 2023. It no longer retains its authenticity; instead, most of the items sold here seem mass-produced and geared towards tourists.
Bibi-Khanym Mausoleum
The Bibi-Khanym Mausoleum, also known as Bibi-Khanym Mosque, is a historic architectural marvel located in Samarkand. The Bibi-Khanym Mausoleum was commissioned by Timur (Tamerlane), the renowned Central Asian conqueror, in the 14th century. Timur ordered its construction after returning from a military campaign in India, inspired by the architectural grandeur he witnessed there. The mausoleum was dedicated to Timur's favorite wife, Saray Mulk Khanum, who was affectionately known as Bibi-Khanym. Legend has it that Timur built the structure as a token of love and admiration for Bibi-Khanym, who played a significant role in his life and conquests.
Abu Mansura Maturidi's Mausoleum
The Mausoleum of Abu Mansur Maturidi is a significant historical and religious site. Abu Mansur Maturidi was a prominent Islamic scholar and theologian who lived during the 9th and 10th centuries. He was born in Samarkand and is renowned for his contributions to Islamic theology, particularly for his synthesis of rationalism and traditionalism in Islamic thought. The Mausoleum of Abu Mansur Maturidi is considered a sacred site for Muslims, particularly those who adhere to the Maturidi school of theology. Pilgrims visit the mausoleum to pay their respects to Maturidi and seek blessings for themselves and their families.
Samarkand Food
While you are in Samarkand you can enjoy some traditional food, such as:
Plov (Pilaf): Plov is often considered the national dish of Uzbekistan, and Samarkand is famous for its delicious variations. It typically consists of rice cooked with meat (usually lamb or beef), carrots, onions, and a blend of aromatic spices like cumin, coriander, and garlic. Plov is often served at weddings, celebrations, and other special occasions.
Samsa: Samsa is a savory pastry filled with meat (usually lamb or beef), onions, and spices, then baked until golden brown. It's a popular snack or appetizer in Samarkand and is often enjoyed with tea or as part of a meal.
Manty: Manty is steamed dumplings filled with minced meat (often lamb or beef), onions, and spices. They're typically larger compared to other dumplings and are served with a dollop of sour cream or yogurt on the side. Many can be found in various forms throughout Central Asia and are a beloved comfort food in Samarkand.
Shashlik: Shashlik consists of skewered and grilled chunks of marinated meat, often lamb, beef, or chicken. The meat is typically seasoned with salt, pepper, and spices before being cooked over an open flame. Shashlik is a popular street food in Samarkand and is often served with bread and pickled vegetables.
Non (Bread): Non is a type of traditional Uzbek bread that holds special significance in Samarkand's culinary culture. It's typically baked in a tandoor oven, resulting in a round, flatbread with a crispy crust and soft interior. Non is served with almost every meal in Samarkand and is often used to scoop up sauces, dips, and stews.
Lagman: Lagman is a hearty noodle soup made with hand-pulled noodles, meat (usually beef or lamb), vegetables, and aromatic spices. It's a comforting and flavorful dish that's perfect for warming up on chilly days in Samarkand.
Uzbek Sweets: Uzbek cuisine is also known for its delectable sweets and desserts. Some popular treats in Samarkand include halva (a sweet confection made from sesame paste and sugar), shakarap (crispy fried dough dipped in sugar syrup), and various types of fruit preserves and jams.
If you like meat, you can come here: Shokhrukh Nur. Many locals come here, it's very cheap but one of the best places where I have ever eaten in Uzbekistan.
Planning a perfect day trip doesn't have to be overwhelming. By following these steps and considering your preferences, you can create an unforgettable experience. So, pack your bags, choose your destination, and get ready for an adventure!